Integrand size = 21, antiderivative size = 107 \[ \int \frac {x^5}{\sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {3 b \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{8 c^2}-\frac {x^2 \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{4 c}-\frac {\left (3 b^2+4 a c\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {b-2 c x^2}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}\right )}{16 c^{5/2}} \]
-1/16*(4*a*c+3*b^2)*arctan(1/2*(-2*c*x^2+b)/c^(1/2)/(-c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2) )/c^(5/2)-3/8*b*(-c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2)/c^2-1/4*x^2*(-c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2)/ c
Time = 0.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 91, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.85 \[ \int \frac {x^5}{\sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}} \, dx=\frac {\left (-3 b-2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{8 c^2}+\frac {\left (3 b^2+4 a c\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c} x^2}{-\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}\right )}{8 c^{5/2}} \]
((-3*b - 2*c*x^2)*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 - c*x^4])/(8*c^2) + ((3*b^2 + 4*a*c)*ArcT an[(Sqrt[c]*x^2)/(-Sqrt[a] + Sqrt[a + b*x^2 - c*x^4])])/(8*c^(5/2))
Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 117, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.09, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.286, Rules used = {1434, 1166, 27, 1160, 1092, 217}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {x^5}{\sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1434 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \int \frac {x^4}{\sqrt {-c x^4+b x^2+a}}dx^2\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1166 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {\int -\frac {3 b x^2+2 a}{2 \sqrt {-c x^4+b x^2+a}}dx^2}{2 c}-\frac {x^2 \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{2 c}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\int \frac {3 b x^2+2 a}{\sqrt {-c x^4+b x^2+a}}dx^2}{4 c}-\frac {x^2 \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{2 c}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1160 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\frac {\left (4 a c+3 b^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-c x^4+b x^2+a}}dx^2}{2 c}-\frac {3 b \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{c}}{4 c}-\frac {x^2 \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{2 c}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1092 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {\frac {\left (4 a c+3 b^2\right ) \int \frac {1}{-x^4-4 c}d\frac {b-2 c x^2}{\sqrt {-c x^4+b x^2+a}}}{c}-\frac {3 b \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{c}}{4 c}-\frac {x^2 \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{2 c}\right )\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 217 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {-\frac {\left (4 a c+3 b^2\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {b-2 c x^2}{2 \sqrt {c} \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}\right )}{2 c^{3/2}}-\frac {3 b \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{c}}{4 c}-\frac {x^2 \sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}}{2 c}\right )\) |
(-1/2*(x^2*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 - c*x^4])/c + ((-3*b*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 - c*x^4])/c - ((3*b^2 + 4*a*c)*ArcTan[(b - 2*c*x^2)/(2*Sqrt[c]*Sqrt[a + b*x^2 - c*x^4] )])/(2*c^(3/2)))/(4*c))/2
3.10.69.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^( -1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] & & (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2], x_Symbol] :> Simp[2 Subst[I nt[1/(4*c - x^2), x], x, (b + 2*c*x)/Sqrt[a + b*x + c*x^2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a , b, c}, x]
Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))*((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol ] :> Simp[e*((a + b*x + c*x^2)^(p + 1)/(2*c*(p + 1))), x] + Simp[(2*c*d - b *e)/(2*c) Int[(a + b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, p}, x] && NeQ[p, -1]
Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_S ymbol] :> Simp[e*(d + e*x)^(m - 1)*((a + b*x + c*x^2)^(p + 1)/(c*(m + 2*p + 1))), x] + Simp[1/(c*(m + 2*p + 1)) Int[(d + e*x)^(m - 2)*Simp[c*d^2*(m + 2*p + 1) - e*(a*e*(m - 1) + b*d*(p + 1)) + e*(2*c*d - b*e)*(m + p)*x, x]* (a + b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, m, p}, x] && If[Ration alQ[m], GtQ[m, 1], SumSimplerQ[m, -2]] && NeQ[m + 2*p + 1, 0] && IntQuadrat icQ[a, b, c, d, e, m, p, x]
Int[(x_)^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2 + (c_.)*(x_)^4)^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> Simp [1/2 Subst[Int[x^((m - 1)/2)*(a + b*x + c*x^2)^p, x], x, x^2], x] /; Free Q[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IntegerQ[(m - 1)/2]
Time = 0.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 77, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.72
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {\left (2 c \,x^{2}+3 b \right ) \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{8 c^{2}}+\frac {\left (4 a c +3 b^{2}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c}\, \left (x^{2}-\frac {b}{2 c}\right )}{\sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}\right )}{16 c^{\frac {5}{2}}}\) | \(77\) |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {-4 c^{\frac {3}{2}} x^{2} \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}-6 b \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \sqrt {c}-4 \arctan \left (\frac {-2 c \,x^{2}+b}{2 \sqrt {c}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}\right ) a c -3 \arctan \left (\frac {-2 c \,x^{2}+b}{2 \sqrt {c}\, \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}\right ) b^{2}}{16 c^{\frac {5}{2}}}\) | \(118\) |
default | \(-\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{4 c}-\frac {3 b \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{8 c^{2}}+\frac {3 b^{2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c}\, \left (x^{2}-\frac {b}{2 c}\right )}{\sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}\right )}{16 c^{\frac {5}{2}}}+\frac {a \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c}\, \left (x^{2}-\frac {b}{2 c}\right )}{\sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}\right )}{4 c^{\frac {3}{2}}}\) | \(120\) |
elliptic | \(-\frac {x^{2} \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{4 c}-\frac {3 b \sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{8 c^{2}}+\frac {3 b^{2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c}\, \left (x^{2}-\frac {b}{2 c}\right )}{\sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}\right )}{16 c^{\frac {5}{2}}}+\frac {a \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c}\, \left (x^{2}-\frac {b}{2 c}\right )}{\sqrt {-c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}\right )}{4 c^{\frac {3}{2}}}\) | \(120\) |
-1/8*(2*c*x^2+3*b)/c^2*(-c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2)+1/16*(4*a*c+3*b^2)/c^(5/2)*a rctan(c^(1/2)*(x^2-1/2*b/c)/(-c*x^4+b*x^2+a)^(1/2))
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 211, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.97 \[ \int \frac {x^5}{\sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}} \, dx=\left [-\frac {{\left (3 \, b^{2} + 4 \, a c\right )} \sqrt {-c} \log \left (8 \, c^{2} x^{4} - 8 \, b c x^{2} + b^{2} - 4 \, \sqrt {-c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a} {\left (2 \, c x^{2} - b\right )} \sqrt {-c} - 4 \, a c\right ) + 4 \, \sqrt {-c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a} {\left (2 \, c^{2} x^{2} + 3 \, b c\right )}}{32 \, c^{3}}, -\frac {{\left (3 \, b^{2} + 4 \, a c\right )} \sqrt {c} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a} {\left (2 \, c x^{2} - b\right )} \sqrt {c}}{2 \, {\left (c^{2} x^{4} - b c x^{2} - a c\right )}}\right ) + 2 \, \sqrt {-c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a} {\left (2 \, c^{2} x^{2} + 3 \, b c\right )}}{16 \, c^{3}}\right ] \]
[-1/32*((3*b^2 + 4*a*c)*sqrt(-c)*log(8*c^2*x^4 - 8*b*c*x^2 + b^2 - 4*sqrt( -c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a)*(2*c*x^2 - b)*sqrt(-c) - 4*a*c) + 4*sqrt(-c*x^4 + b*x^ 2 + a)*(2*c^2*x^2 + 3*b*c))/c^3, -1/16*((3*b^2 + 4*a*c)*sqrt(c)*arctan(1/2 *sqrt(-c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a)*(2*c*x^2 - b)*sqrt(c)/(c^2*x^4 - b*c*x^2 - a*c)) + 2*sqrt(-c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a)*(2*c^2*x^2 + 3*b*c))/c^3]
\[ \int \frac {x^5}{\sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{5}}{\sqrt {a + b x^{2} - c x^{4}}}\, dx \]
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 105, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.98 \[ \int \frac {x^5}{\sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {-c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a} x^{2}}{4 \, c} - \frac {3 \, b^{2} \arcsin \left (-\frac {2 \, c x^{2} - b}{\sqrt {b^{2} + 4 \, a c}}\right )}{16 \, c^{\frac {5}{2}}} - \frac {a \arcsin \left (-\frac {2 \, c x^{2} - b}{\sqrt {b^{2} + 4 \, a c}}\right )}{4 \, c^{\frac {3}{2}}} - \frac {3 \, \sqrt {-c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a} b}{8 \, c^{2}} \]
-1/4*sqrt(-c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a)*x^2/c - 3/16*b^2*arcsin(-(2*c*x^2 - b)/sqrt( b^2 + 4*a*c))/c^(5/2) - 1/4*a*arcsin(-(2*c*x^2 - b)/sqrt(b^2 + 4*a*c))/c^( 3/2) - 3/8*sqrt(-c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a)*b/c^2
Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 91, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.85 \[ \int \frac {x^5}{\sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}} \, dx=-\frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {-c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a} {\left (\frac {2 \, x^{2}}{c} + \frac {3 \, b}{c^{2}}\right )} - \frac {{\left (3 \, b^{2} + 4 \, a c\right )} \log \left ({\left | 2 \, {\left (\sqrt {-c} x^{2} - \sqrt {-c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a}\right )} \sqrt {-c} + b \right |}\right )}{16 \, \sqrt {-c} c^{2}} \]
-1/8*sqrt(-c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a)*(2*x^2/c + 3*b/c^2) - 1/16*(3*b^2 + 4*a*c)*l og(abs(2*(sqrt(-c)*x^2 - sqrt(-c*x^4 + b*x^2 + a))*sqrt(-c) + b))/(sqrt(-c )*c^2)
Timed out. \[ \int \frac {x^5}{\sqrt {a+b x^2-c x^4}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^5}{\sqrt {-c\,x^4+b\,x^2+a}} \,d x \]